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Anatomic Eponyms in Neuroradiology

Posted Sep 30, 2016 Updated Apr 10, 2023
By Paul M. Bunch MD
24 min read

In medicine, an eponym is a word—typically referring to an anatomic structure, disease, or syndrome—that is derived from a person’s name. Medical eponyms are ubiquitous and numerous. They are also at times controversial. Eponyms reflect medicine’s rich and colorful history and can be useful for concisely conveying complex concepts. Familiarity with eponyms facilitates correct usage and accurate communication. In this article, 22 eponyms used to describe anatomic structures of the head and neck are discussed. For each structure, the author first provides a biographical account of the individual for whom the structure is named. An anatomic description and brief discussion of the structure’s clinical relevance follow.

Introduction

During the interpretation of cross-sectional studies of the temporal bone, sinuses, skull base, and neck, the radiologist assesses dozens of eponymous anatomic structures, while possibly knowing nothing of the individuals for whom the structures are named. As our understanding of the anatomy of the head and neck and our imaging capabilities continue to improve with the passage of time, we also become more distantly removed from and frequently less familiar with the lives of those historic individuals whose prior work has helped build the foundation of modern medical science. Eponyms honor some of these individuals, most of whom led fascinating lives.

Although the reasons for which eponyms remain controversial are well documented , eponyms remain commonplace as a means to concisely convey complex concepts. Additionally, eponyms can add color to what at times is a dry science. Familiarity with eponyms facilitates correct usage and accurate communication.

Several articles have previously been published in the radiology literature on musculoskeletal , gastrointestinal , cardiothoracic , and vascular eponyms , and earlier work has discussed eponymous diseases of the head and neck . Although a recently published article has given attention to eponymous neuroanatomic structures of the brain, cerebral vasculature, and calvarium , no previous work specifically intended for radiologists has focused on eponymous anatomic structures of the head and neck.

In this article, 22 eponyms used to describe anatomic structures of the head and neck are discussed. For each structure, the author first provides a biographical account of the individual for whom the structure is named. An anatomic description and brief discussion of the structure’s clinical relevance follow.

Temporal Bone

Arnold’s Nerve

Friedrich Arnold (1803–1890) was born in Edenkoben in the German state of Rhine-Palatinate and studied medicine at Heidelberg from 1821 to 1825 . Upon graduation, Arnold accepted a position at the Heidelberg Institute of Anatomy , where he stayed until accepting an appointment at the University of Zurich in 1834 . Arnold subsequently held faculty positions in Freiburg and Tubingen before ultimately returning to Heidelberg as full professor of anatomy and physiology in 1852, where he stayed until his retirement in 1873 . Considered one of the greatest and most accurate anatomic dissectors of his time , Arnold was the first to describe the auricular branch of the vagus nerve , the petrous temporal bone canal through which the nerve passes, and the otic ganglion, all of which bear his name . Arnold died in Heidelberg at age 87 .

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Figure 1, Arnold's nerve. Axial noncontrast cone beam computed tomography image of the left temporal bone demonstrates the mastoid canaliculus ( arrow ), through which Arnold's nerves passes from the jugular foramen (J) to reach the mastoid segment of the facial nerve canal ( asterisk ).

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Bill’s Bar

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Figure 2, Bill's bar. Axial noncontrast cone beam computed tomography image of the right temporal bone at the level of the superior internal auditory canal demonstrates Bill's bar ( arrow ) dividing the canal into an anterior portion (F), through which the facial nerve and nervus intermedius pass, and a posterior portion (SV), through which the superior division of the vestibular nerve passes.

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Fallopian Canal

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Jacobson’s Nerve

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Figure 3, Jacobson's nerve. Axial noncontrast cone beam computed tomography image of the right temporal bone demonstrates the proximal opening of the inferior tympanic canaliculus ( arrow ), through which Jacobson's nerve passes to reach the middle ear. The inferior tympanic canaliculus is contiguous medially with the superolateral aspect of the jugular foramen pars nervosa (N) and passes posterior to the carotid canal (C) and anterior to the jugular foramen pars vascularis (V).

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Prussak’s Space

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Figure 4, Prussak's space and Shrapnell's membrane. Coronal noncontrast cone beam computed tomography image of the right temporal bone demonstrates the normal superior recess of the tympanic membrane ( asterisk ). The normal tympanic membrane ( arrow ) is barely perceptible.

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Shrapnell’s Membrane

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Nervus Intermedius of Wrisberg

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Figure 5, Nervus intermedius of Wrisberg. Unlabeled ( a ) and labeled ( b ) sagittal oblique steady-state free precession (SSFP) images through the internal auditory canal demonstrate the nervus intermedius of Wrisberg ( arrow ) between the facial (F) and superior vestibular (SV) nerves in the superior aspect of the internal auditory canal. C, cochlear nerve; IV, inferior vestibular nerve.

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Upper Aerodigestive Tract and Salivary Glands

Eustachian Tubes

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Figure 6, Eustachian tubes. Axial T2-weighted image obtained in a 44-year-old male patient presenting with right otitis demonstrates a soft tissue mass extending into and obstructing the right Eustachian tube ( arrow ), resulting in opacification of the right mastoid air cells. The mass was subsequently biopsied, and pathological evaluation demonstrated nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

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Fossa of Rosenmüller

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Figure 7, Fossa of Rosenmüller and node of Rouvière. ( a ) Axial noncontrast computed tomography image demonstrates the normal fossae of Rosenmüller ( arrows ) situated between the tori tubarius ( asterisks ) anteriorly and the longus colli muscles posteriorly. ( b ) Axial fused positron emission tomography–computed tomography image obtained in a 44-year-old male patient presenting with right otitis demonstrates an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid soft tissue mass effacing the right fossa of Rosenmüller ( arrowhead ) as well as an enlarged, FDG-avid right node of Rouvière ( arrow ). The node was subsequently biopsied, and pathological evaluation demonstrated metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

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Node of Rouvière

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Stensen’s Duct

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Figure 8, Stensen's duct. Axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography image obtained in a 42-year-old female patient with left cheek pain, swelling, and erythema demonstrates a sialolith ( arrow ) within the dilated parotid duct ( arrowhead ) as well as asymmetric hyperenhancement of the left parotid gland ( asterisk ), compatible with sialolithiasis complicated by sialadenitis.

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Waldeyer’s Ring

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Wharton’s Duct

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Figure 9, Wharton's duct. Axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography image obtained in a 22-year-old female patient presenting with right neck pain and swelling demonstrates a sialolith ( arrow ) within the dilated right submandibular duct ( arrowhead ). Asymmetric enlargement and hyperenhancement of the right submandibular gland ( asterisk ) are compatible with associated sialadenitis.

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Central Skull Base

Dorello’s Canal

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Figure 10, Dorello's canal. Axial SSFP image demonstrates the bilateral Dorello's canals ( arrows ), through which the abducens nerves pass en route to the cavernous sinus.

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Gasserian Ganglion

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Figure 11, Gasserian ganglion and Meckel's cave. Axial contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image demonstrates the Gasserian ganglia ( arrows ) as enhancing semilunar structures along the anterolateral walls of the inferior aspects of the respective Meckel's caves ( asterisks ).

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Meckel’s Cave

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Foramen of Vesalius

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Figure 12, Foramen of Vesalius and Vidian canal. Axial noncontrast cone beam computed tomography image of the left temporal bone demonstrates the normal variant foramen of Vesalius ( arrow ), as well as the normal left foramen ovale (V3), foramen spinosum (S), and Vidian canal ( asterisk ).

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Vidian Canal

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Sinus

Haller Cell

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Figure 13, Haller cell. Coronal noncontrast computed tomography image demonstrates two left infraorbital ethmoid air cells ( asterisks ).

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Onodi Cell

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Figure 14, Onodi cell. ( a ) Sagittal noncontrast computed tomography (CT) image demonstrates a posterior ethmoid cell ( asterisk ) extending superior to the sphenoid sinus. ( b ) Coronal noncontrast CT image demonstrates a horizontal septum ( arrow ) through the expected location of the left sphenoid sinus, which is suggestive of the presence of an Onodi cell ( asterisk ); however, this is best confirmed on the sagittal projection.

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Thyroid

Zuckerkandl’s Tubercle

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Figure 15, Zuckerkandl's tubercle. Axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography image demonstrates the typical appearance of Zuckerkandl's tubercle ( asterisk ). The tubercle is contiguous with and isodense to the remainder of the thyroid gland and extends into the right tracheoesophageal groove.

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Orbit

Annulus of Zinn

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Conclusion

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Acknowledgments

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Academic Radiology, Volume 23, Issue 10
Journals General Radiology
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