Rationale and Objectives
Academic radiologists commonly hold multiple simultaneous roles within the landscape of physician training. This paper analyzes theoretical scenarios describing relationships between medical students, residents, and physician educators in radiology.
Materials and Methods
The scenarios presented involve medical student supervision, radiology resident recruitment, and resident termination with respect to relevant ethical, regulatory, and legal considerations. Legal precedents and the medical social contract are addressed.
Results
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act defines a framework for the privacy practices of medical schools, but it does not confer individual rights. Resident physicians rarely win wrongful termination lawsuits. Physician educators are ethically bound to act in the best interest of society.
Conclusions
Courts have ruled that medicine is intended to be a self-regulatory profession. Such a power requires that physicians remain accountable to the public while providing a fair learning environment for medical trainees.
Medical education represents a complex confluence of learners at many different educational levels. The physician educator is thus often forced to juggle the educational needs and rights of stakeholders who in many cases are accountable to different agencies. Consider the following theoretical scenarios as they relate to academic radiology.
Scenario 1: Medical Student Education and Privacy
A medical school receives funding from the United States Department of Education, and this school’s policy dictates that grades of its students are posted publicly according to randomized codes. A radiology clerkship coordinator mistakenly posts a list of radiology clerkship grades of fourth year medical students by code but in alphabetical order thereby making it clear which code has been ascribed to each student over the entire course of medical school. Students disseminate the information on social media. A student in the class whose privacy has been breached complains to school officials and threatens legal action.
Get Radiology Tree app to read full this article<
Scenario 2: From Medical Student to Employee
Get Radiology Tree app to read full this article<
Get Radiology Tree app to read full this article<
Get Radiology Tree app to read full this article<
Scenario 3: The Medical Social Contract and Accountability
Get Radiology Tree app to read full this article<
Get Radiology Tree app to read full this article<
Get Radiology Tree app to read full this article<
Get Radiology Tree app to read full this article<
Get Radiology Tree app to read full this article<
Conclusion
Get Radiology Tree app to read full this article<
Get Radiology Tree app to read full this article<
Get Radiology Tree app to read full this article<
Get Radiology Tree app to read full this article<
Get Radiology Tree app to read full this article<
References
1. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. Available at: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html Accessed August 15, 2016
2. FERPA general guidance for students. Available at: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/students.html Accessed August 15, 2016
3. Gonzaga Univ. ; v. ; Doe ; Available at: http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/536/273.html Accessed August 27, 2016
4. Silver H.K., Glicken A.D.: Medical student abuse. Incidence, severity, and significance. JAMA 1990; 263: pp. 527-532.
5. Fried J.M., Vermillion M., Parker N.H., et. al.: Eradicating medical student mistreatment: a longitudinal study of one institution’s efforts. Acad Med 2012; 87: pp. 1191-1198.
6. About the ABR. Available at: http://www.theabr.org/about-landing Accessed August 15, 2016
7. American Board of Medical Specialties : Available at: http://www.abms.org/board-certification/a-trusted-credential/based-on-core-competencies/ Accessed August 15, 2016
8. Diab J., Riley S., Downes A., et. al.: A multicenter study of the family educational rights and privacy act and the standardized letter of recommendation: impact on emergency medicine residency applicant and faculty behaviors. J Grad Med Educ 2014; 6: pp. 292-295.
9. FERPA online library. Available at: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/library/dunham.html Accessed August 15, 2016
10. Brief for petitioners in Mayo Foundation v. United States. Available at: http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publishing/preview/publiced_preview_briefs_pdfs_09_10_09_837_PetitionerMayoFoundation.authcheckdam.pdf Accessed August 15, 2016
11. Irby D.M., Milam S.: The legal context for evaluating and dismissing medical students and residents. Acad Med 1989; 64: pp. 639-643.
12. Cruess S.R.: Professionalism and medicine’s social contract with society. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006; 449: pp. 170-176.
13. Connelly ; v. ; University of Vermont and State Agricultural College ; Available at: http://www.leagle.com/decision/1965400244FSupp156_1376/CONNELLY%20v.%20UNIVERSITY%20OF%20VERMONT%20AND%20STATE%20AGR.%20COL Accessed August 15, 2016
14. University of Southern California ; v. ; Superior Court of Los Angeles County ; Available at: http://law.justia.com/cases/california/court-of-appeal/4th/45/1283.html Accessed August 15, 2016
15. Lawsuits involving residents. Available at: http://www.residencyrehab.com/legal-cases.html Accessed August 15, 2016
16. Guiberteau M.J., Balfe D.M., Jackson V.P., et. al.: The ABR Core exam: what is the value?. Acad Radiol 2016; 23: pp. 1180-1182.
17. Hammer M.M., Shetty A.S., Cizman Z., et. al.: Results of the 2015 survey of the American Alliance of Academic Chief Residents in Radiology. Acad Radiol 2015; 22: pp. 1308-1316.
18. ACGME program requirements for graduate medical education in diagnostic radiology summary and impact of major requirement revisions. Available at: http://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/420_diagnostic_radiology_Impact.pdf Accessed August 15, 2016
19. ACGME program requirements for graduate medical education in diagnostic radiology. Available at: http://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/PFAssets/ProgramRequirements/420_diagnostic_radiology_2016.pdf Accessed August 15, 2016
20. Liu J., Yucel K., Bedi H.S.: Radiology resident remediation: five important questions to ask. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 206: pp. 1045-1048.
21. 2013.Association of American Medical Colleges Available at: https://members.aamc.org/eweb/upload/Medicare%20Payments%20for%20Graduate%20Medical%20Education%202013.pdf Accessed August 15, 2016
22. Sharafinski M.E., Nussbaum D., Jha S.: Supply/demand in radiology: a historical perspective and comparison to other labor markets. Acad Radiol 2016; 23: pp. 245-251.